Washing powder formula, rounding The main ingredients of the washing powder The method of making the washing powder
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Author:nawei2016
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Published time: 2016-11-08
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Laundry detergent ingredients a total of five categories: active ingredients, help wash ingredients, buffer composition, synergistic ingredients, dispersant LBD - 1, auxiliary components.
Laundry detergent ingredients a total of five categories: active ingredients, help wash ingredients, buffer composition, synergistic ingredients, dispersant LBD - 1, auxiliary components.
Main ingredients: fabric fiber antiscale agent, anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, water softener, dirt suspending agent, enzyme, fluorescent agent and spices, etc.; Poor washing powder often contain phosphorus, aluminum, alkali and other harmful elements. Is the role of surfactant in washing powder detergent soluble, emulsification, soak, clean, sterilization, diffusion, foaming, prevent clothes static electricity, etc. Synthetic surfactants have been found very early make the hand coarse side effects, such as has been seen as a great public hazard of environmental pollution. In addition, phosphorus, aluminum base, especially phosphorus in some developed countries have been banned from use in washing powder, however, many chemical plants in China, also in the production of this product, especially some foreign companies, in their domestic products can not have these harmful material, in China, the law is not sound, and the spirit of the people environmental protection consciousness is not strong, bold to add these harmful material.
The active ingredient
Active ingredient is plays a main role in detergent compositions. Catharsis active ingredient is a class of substances known as surfactant, its function is weaken stains and adhesion between the clothing, in the washing water and stir hand rub or washing machine under the action of mechanical force, make the stains from clothes, so as to achieve the aim of washing clothes.
Note:
1, in order to achieve good decontamination effect, should contain enough of the active ingredient of washing powder. In order to guarantee the effect of washing detergent powder, the national departments for minimum content of active ingredients in washing powder. Used according to the type of surfactant, and product categories, the amount of active ingredients in the detergent general shall not be less than 13%;
2, because a lot of surfactants has strong foaming ability, consumers can, on the basis of experience from detergent soluble in water after the foaming situation to judge the merits of the washing powder;
3, but some dedicated to platen washing machine washing powder, the foaming ability is poor than ordinary washing powder a lot. This is because the platen washing machine relies mainly on the clothes in the drum roll produced by mechanical force, to achieve the purpose of washing clothes; And washing solution bubble too much, will greatly abate the mechanical force, because of the clothes back and make the wash effect.
Help to wash the composition
Help lotion is one of the largest ingredients, dosage of detergent will typically account for 15% of the total of 40%. Help lotion the main function of which is contained by bound water hardness ions, to soften water, thus protecting the surfactant make its maximum utility. The so-called phosphorus, phosphorus detergent, is refers to the actual help lotion is phosphate or non phosphate material.
Note:
1, make the local laws and regulations, some provinces and cities to ban or restrict the sale and use of phosphate detergent.
2, in non phosphate detergent, is recognized by the industry can replace phosphate composition, is a substance known as zeolites.
3, in addition, there are a variety of "cheap" no phosphorus detergent, such as sodium carbonate (soda ash), sodium silicate (sodium silicate) and their compounds of various kinds of proportion. Due to these without phosphorus fertilizer is eventually formed the precipitation of insoluble in water, if it can't effectively suspended in the water with them, they will sink on the clothes. Long-term use of this the result without phosphorus detergent will make clothes to harden, yellow. In order to prevent this kind of situation, design good without phosphorus detergent are used in the formulation of dispersant effectively, make the formation of insoluble particles will not deposit on the clothes.
The buffer composition
Common dirt on clothes, generally for organic stains, such as perspiration, food, dust, etc. Organic stains are generally is acidic, the washing solution in alkaline condition for this kind of stain removal, so deserves to be into a considerable number of alkaline detergent in the material. Soda ash and sodium silicate is usually used.
Note:
1, although the alkaline conducive to clothes washing, but excess alkaline substances will bring harm to clothes and skin, so the state to make the corresponding provisions, washing powder, alkaline qualified detergent shall comply with these requirements.
2, in addition, as described earlier, these alkaline substances will form with hard water precipitation, while too much alkali can lead to form a large amount of precipitation when catharsis, makes the washing effect is poor.
Synergistic ingredients
In order to make the detergent has better and more related to the washing effect, a growing number of detergent containing special functional components, these components can effectively improve the washing performance and improve detergent.
According to the functional requirement, detergent used in the synergistic ingredients have such categories: improve the washing effect, such as enzyme preparation (protease, lipase, amylase and so on), bleach, bleach accelerator, etc.; Improve whiteness stay, such as resistance to redeposit agent, dirt dispersant LBD - 1, enzymes enzyme (cellulose), fluorescent whitening agent, reserving agent; Protect fabric improve fabric handle, such as softening agent, cellulose enzyme, antistatic agent, stabilizer.color-protecting, etc.
Note: as a matter of fact, many brands of detergent in the aspect of using the main component of the same, and the secrets of the various products are often on the synergistic ingredients. The adoption of various enzymes can greatly enhance the detergent for special ability to clean and wash the stain, such as blood, sweat, food oil, vegetables, fruit stains, etc; Bleach can decompose pigment type of stain is removed; Redeposition resistance agent can ensure that after repeated washing clothes do not graying hair is yellow.
Auxiliary components
This kind of composition generally no detergent washing ability improving role, but the product process, and the sensory index of larger role, such as make washing powder color of white, uniform particles, no agglomerate, pleasant aroma, etc.
The method of making detergent formulation and washing powder
A, raw material performance
1, alkylphenol ether (Tx) : white, viscous liquid, is one of the production of high-grade, whitening detergent surfactants, content is 99%, the main foaming effect, can remove oily sludge at the same time, the bubble depends on usage. Quality identification methods: see color, should be white or pale yellow; Basically see concentration and the foam concentration. Buyers, stick a little, with his fingers in the water exercise a few times repeatedly, if see bubble. It compared with detergent foam, 10 times of the former to the latter.
2, lauric acid diethanolamide (6501) : light yellow, viscous liquid, is the production of ordinary washing powder a surface active agent, content of 98%. Main foaming and foam stability is better, remove oily sludge at the same time, the bubble depends on usage. Quality identification method with 1.
3, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid: thick black yellow, viscous liquid, is the production of a surface active agent, ordinary washing powder content is 98%, the main foaming effect, expanded role at the same time, also in addition to the oil. How much washing powder size and bubble depends on usage. Must be content is 98%, but must pay attention to the content of 40% - 60% can't puffed, foam, less production of washing powder high humidity. Quality identification method with 1. Features: on the palm fever.
4, sodium tripolyphosphate: white tiny particles, the content is 90%, WeiDu. Major decision detergent storage time, prevent the washing powder. Increase dosage can make the detergent save prolonged, decompose the oil increased.
5, soda ash: anhydrous sodium carbonate, white powder, containing 75% - 75%, mainly in detergent decontamination. General use soda ash industry, this product easy absorption of moisture, should notice moistureproof, sealed plastic rest applications. Better quality identification: fever burned hand.
6, sodium sulphate anhydrous sodium sulfate, namely white, powder, this product is a kind of help lotion, mainly in the washing powder is a kind of filling material. Adjust the washing powder cost is how much of it.
7, methyl cellulose (CMC) : light yellow, powder, in the role of detergent is anti-sludging, can separate the oil from the object in the water, suspended role. Quality identification method, the water melts adhesion slippery feeling. There are two shapes: methyl cellulose powder and must, generally with the powder is the best.
8, alkaline protease: for granular products. Clothes washing powder adding enzyme preparation, can accelerate decomposition of grease. It has a variety of colors: green, green, blue, etc. Enzymatic detergent is not good, easy failure, generally don't add. Enzymatic detergent should choose better bags, better sealing, prevent the gasification. With enzyme washing powder storage time only eight months, otherwise, reduce the washing effect. Identification: the best particle type; Fine powder is of poor quality.
9, fluorescent whitening agent (VBL) : this product is light yellow, powder, used for whitening, have certain limit, instead, use effect is poor. Fluorescent whitening agent advanced type and ordinary type, the price gap is big, whitening degree is big, intuitive cannot identify, want to try.
Second, puffing powder performance and function.
Puffing powder is the best filling material for production of washing powder, light volume, uniform particles. Effect: help wash and adjust volume (add and subtract dosage).
Third, the production process
The first step is to mix the following raw materials in proportion to stir to mix well. Soda ash: 25% methyl cellulose: 1%, sodium sulphate: 10%, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid: 6%, alkylphenol ether TX - %, and lauric acid diethanolamide (6501) : 1%.
Step 2: then puffing powder: 53% in the first step, mixed evenly. With 20 mesh sieve can be bagging
If washing powder color is white, but will instead of dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid alkylphenol ether TX - 10. Also can use 0.1% of the phosphors for whitening agent. Such as flavoring, but the first step to add spices right amount of material in. To add enzyme, enzyme alkaline eggs can be directly add to the washing powder mix, dosage of 2% to 3%, add how much formula enzyme is reduced much pure decreases
Formula one: alkyl aryl sulfonic acid sodium 11%, 40% trisodium phosphate, sodium silicate, 5% sodium sulfate 35%, carboxyl methyl cellulose, 1% beef tallow fatty acid sodium sulfate 8%, fluorescent agent 0.03%, 0.05% essence, pigment.
Formula 2: sodium alkyl aromatic iodate was 19%, 40% trisodium phosphate, sodium silicate, 5% sulfuric acid 35%, 1%, carboxyl methyl cellulose fluorescent agent 0.03%, 0.05% essence, pigment.
Formula three: alkyl aryl sulfonic acid sodium 30%, sodium silicate, 25% 20% sodium sulfate, sodium hexametaphosphate, 25% 0.05% essence, pigment.
Synthetic washing powder is one of the most main in synthetic detergent, production accounted for 70-90% of the total output of synthetic washing. Its good performance, easy to use, rich raw material sources, low cost and was deeply loved by the masses.
1, the three kinds of commonly used detergent formulation and production, the three groups of formula, choose a set of match well mixed by weight percentage, respectively are packaged in plastic bags, which is simple and easy preparation of synthetic washing powder, can be sold. The ratio of each group are as follows:
Formula one: alkyl aryl sulfonic acid sodium 11%, 40% trisodium phosphate, sodium silicate, 5% sodium sulfate 35%, carboxyl methyl cellulose, 1% beef tallow fatty acid sodium sulfate 8%, fluorescent agent 0.03%.
Formula 2: sodium alkyl aromatic iodate was 19%, 40% trisodium phosphate, sodium silicate, 5% sulfuric acid 35%, 1%, carboxyl methyl cellulose fluorescent agent 0.03%.
Formula three: alkyl aryl sulfonic acid sodium 30%, sodium silicate, 25% 20% sodium sulfate, sodium hexametaphosphate 25%.
2, can be seen from the above three kinds of commonly used formula of washing powder, synthetic detergent surfactant is the main raw material, after adding different additives, can produce different performance of all kinds of washing powder. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the performance of various materials used in the production of washing powder, so as to choose the suitable mixing proportion, the production with the required performance and quality standards of different types of washing powder.
Detergent surfactants are mainly used by alkyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium, sodium alkyl sulfonate, fatty alcohol sodium sulfate, etc.; Help lotion with sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium silicate, soda ash, sodium sulfate, borax, carboxyl methyl cellulose, foam promoter, foam stabilizer, fluorescent whitening agent, enzymes, spices and pigments, etc.
Alkyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium (1) is the main element of the washing powder, comprehensive performance, use it made of washing powder, finished product color, liquidity, and in the water bubble, emulsifying, wetting, decontamination ability is good. At present there are pure alkyl benzene production, quality is better; Coarse alkyl benzene, poor quality; Deoiling alkyl benzene, quality center. Generally choose pure alkyl benzene washing powder.
(2) alkyl sulfonate in alkaline, neutral and weak acid can use performance, good in hard water wetting, emulsification, dispersion, foaming and decontamination capability, the disadvantage is that made of soap detergent detergency stigma with force.
(3) is also known as the "five" sodium, sodium tripolyphosphate is the most important help lotion in washing powder, dosage of sometimes is greater than the surfactant; It has amazing scattered, peptizing effect, can improve the suspension ability of dirt, mooring to prevent dirt deposition onto the fabric; Of the mustard family, having a weak alkaline aqueous solution to remove acid of dirt on the clothes; Its hygroscopicity is small, can make the detergent to maintain good fluidity and granularity, has a great effect on the prevent absorption of moisture, agglomerate washing powder.
(4) silicate, commonly known as paohuajian or sodium silicate, cooperate in detergent additives can be tuned to each other's role, for washing powder suspension has the good function, peptizing, foam stability, and good ingredients.
(5) the soda ash with fat dirt saponification and to remove dirt and has good adsorption performance and promote the bubble formation, but excessive dosage of soda ash easy to stimulate the skin and damage to silk, wool protein fiber fabric, cotton fabric damage. If Shared with paohuajian can reduce the damage to the fabric.
(6) water washing powder sodium sulfate used in the presence of sodium sulfate crystallization (sodium sulphate or refined glauber's salt and glauber's salt two kinds, in washing powder as filler and auxiliary washing agent, decontamination, reduce the pulp consistency is easy to stir, conveying and preventing agglomeration effect, in the content varies with varieties of washing powder, washing powder.
(7) redeposition resistance is to prevent dirt precipitation on the fabric again, the main varieties, carboxyl methyl starch, carboxyl methyl cellulose gum, polyvinylpyrrolidone, etc., among them with dosage of carboxyl methyl cellulose is the most widely. In washing powder, it besides prevent dirt deposit again, also can keep the fabric softness and wet fabric and foam etc.
(8) commonly used bubble promoting agent, foam stabilizer is alkyl alcohol amine (between), it can be stable foam, improve thick, delicate and rich foam detergent decontamination ability, strong ability and float.
(9) fluorescent whitening agent is a kind of colorless or light yellow with a fluorescent dye, can be the fabric fiber adsorption in the water, that is commonly used in washing powder is made in Shanghai "March 31", "into 4" brightening agent, etc.
(10) slurry conditioner is used to adjust the viscosity of the slurry, increasing size, liquidity and total soluble solid content, facilitate transportation, powder spraying, the improvement of the stability of product quality and yield have effect. Commonly used slurry conditioner is sodium toluene sulfonic acid, dimethyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium is usually joined in the milling process.
(11) into detergent enzymes can be cleaned out all kinds of blood, milk stains on the fabric and the meat, milk, sauce and so on caused by dirt, but the use of enzymes to alkaline, activity, color should be light, and resistant storage, can be blended with detergent actives. Application at present most is alkaline protease can not directly add to the washing powder slurry, but add some non-ionic active content protection alone, dry granulating and then mixed with detergent products.
(12) washing powder to add a small amount of spices, can make when catharsis have fragrance, and make the fabric. Spices are mostly adopts the synthetic fragrance. After diluted with alcohol injection has been dry powder products, general dosage for the powder weight of 0.05-0.1%.
(13) is to make washing powder pigment with various and pleasing to the eye colour and lustre, but should be used by alkali resistance, good thermal stability, do not pollute the fabric, does not react with other materials in washing powder pigment as well. Commonly used is to have mutual effect with washing powder color of blue, such as the beautiful blue, direct fast turquoise blue, etc., are also useful turquoise blue, yellow, red, black materials generally 2-4 g per ton.
In addition to the above raw materials, can also according to different purposes in the washing powder, appropriate to join the skin protective agent, anti-rust agent, fabric softener, antioxidants, emulsifying stabilizer, etc.
3, civil detergent production in our country, usually with alkyl benzene sulfonic sodium as the main body activity, deserve to go up other help lotion; Washing powder abroad to cooperate, with the amount of sodium tripolyphosphate.
Production in our country's civil detergent formula of range is commonly (weight percentage) : 15 to 30, alkyl benzene sulfonic sodium alkyl sodium iodate 0 to 10, 8-30 sodium tripolyphosphate, soda ash 0-12, sodium silicate (dry) 5-8, 0 - toluene sulfonic acid sodium 3, 1-1.5, carboxyl methyl cellulose sodium sulfate 18.5-52, fluorescent whitening agent, 0.22 to 0.1, the so-called water generally 3.92 9.6, preparation of 100%.
4, the present interim detergent quality standard as follows: (1) the sensory index requirement granularity is even particles, no more than 20 mesh is not less than 80 mesh should be accounted for more than 75%; White or light yellow color, in addition to the inherent odor detergent. (2) the physical and chemical indicators require active matter of not less than 19-29%, not saponification content by 100% active content meter is not more than 2-3% (fatty alcohol products to 5%), PH below 6.6 10.5; Precipitation impurities was less than 0.1%; Bubble degree at the time of 180-190 - mm, 3 minutes for 170-180 - mm; Phosphate content in phosphorus pentoxide is not less than 1-10% (poly phosphate material wealth content 16-30%); Detergency bottle type determination of decontamination low-alcohol decontamination value within the scope of the 32-40%; Make and sedimentation value about 70-90%; Wetting force in 6-10 seconds or 15 to 40 seconds, depending on the purpose.
Civil detergent packing generally have share (packet) and the outer packing in both two levels of packaging level system, the inner packing plastic bags, paper bags, boxes are available, and the outer packing with double corrugated carton, carton of 10 kg net each. System USES the sack or bag, weight is 35 kg, 40 kg, or 45 kg. Transportation and storage process, pay attention to the robustness of moisture proof.